Ngo-2025, iTechnical Specification for Production Processes of Plant Extracts (GB/T 46671-2025) eyizinga likazwelonke yakhululwa ngokusemthethweni futhi yaqala ukusebenza. Ngemuva kwezinga eliyisisekelo likazwelonke emkhakheni wezithako zezitshalo okubalwa kuzo iPlant Extracts — Terms (GB/T 43808-2024), Method for Removal of Metal Ions in Water-Soluble Agricultural Product Extracts — Ion Exchange Method (GB/T 44969-2024) kanye neDetermination of Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts — Thin-Layer Chromatography (GB/T 45538-2025), leli phepha lingelinye izinga elibalulekile embonini.

Njengoba kuyispecification yobuchwepheshe yokuqala yaseShayina egxile kwinqubo ephelele yokukhiqiza izithako zezitshalo, igcwalisa isikhala sokuntuleka kwezindinganiso ezihlangene zenqubo yokukhiqiza embonini. Inikeza iziqondiso zesayensi zokukhiqiza i-polyphenol, i-flavonoid, i-terpenoid nezinye izinhlobo zezithako zezitshalo. Leli zinga lizodonsela imboni ukuthi isuke ekuthuthukisweni okubanzi iye ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ngokusebenzisa izindinganiso, futhi yongeze ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwemboni yezithako zezitshalo yaseShayina emakethe yomhlaba.

I-China ingumphakeli omkhulu emhlabeni wezithako zezitshalo, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, ezokuzilungisa, emithini, emayeleni okunakekela izilwane nezinye izindawo. Umthamo wokuthekelisa wafinyelela izigidi ezi-3.53 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2022, futhi umkhakha uyaqhubeka nokukhula. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhakha ubelokhu uhlaselwa yizinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingahambisani namakhono ezobuchwepheshe angalingani phakathi kwezinkampani. Izindlela zokukhipha izithako zakudala zihambisana nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, futhi izindlu zokusebenzela ezincane ziqhudelana nabakhiqizi abakhulu, okuholela ekungazinzi kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nasekuquketheni okuguquguqukayo kwezithako ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlangene zezinqubo kwenza kube nzima ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, okuvimbela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi emikhakheni ephansi nokudicilela phansi ukwamukelwa kwamazwe omhlaba kwezithako zezitshalo zaseShayina.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza yezimila ezikhiyiweyo inquma ngqo ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo yokugcina. Ukwelashwa okungalungile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, amapharamitha okukhiyele okungajwayelekile, kanye nokuhlala kakhwelisi okweqile kungadala ubungozi obungaba khona bekhwalithi. Ukwakha nokuqaliswa kwalo mgomo kuhlose ukuhlanganisa izidingo zobuchwepheshe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukusungula izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zenqubo, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile zezimboni njengokufana komkhiqizo nekhwalithi engazinzile. Kuyasiza futhi ukuhambisana nemithetho yamazwe omhlaba, ukwenza kube lula ukuqashelwa okufanayo kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ekuhwebeni okungenisa nokuthekelisa, nokubeka isisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngokugxila ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza, izinga lisungula uhlelo oluphelele oluhlanganisa izidingo eziyisisekelo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, amapharamitha obuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuqinisekisa.

Kumiswe imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ecacile ngezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza ukuze kwakheke imihlahlandlela yokusebenza eyizinga.

Ngokucabangela ngokugcwele ukwehlukahlukana kwezimboni, leli zinga lihlangene izidingo eziyisisekelo ngenkathi ligcina ukuguquguquka okufanele. Izinkampani zingakhetha ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha nokuhlanganisa obufanele ngokwezici zomkhiqizo. Imithetho ehlukene yokuhlanzeka nokulawula ikhwalithi yenziwa yemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekudleni, ezimonyo, emithini nezinye izinkambu. Wonke amarekhodi okuthengwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, amafayela okukhiqiza kanye nemibiko yokuhlola agcinwa isikhathi esingangonyaka okungenani emithathu, kuqinisekiswa ukulandelelwa okuphelele kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi eqinisekiswayo.

Ngokumisa amapharamitha enqubo namaphuzu okulawula, izinga linciphisa ukusebenza ngesandla okungahleliwe, lihlangene nokuqukethwe kwezithako ezisebenzayo, futhi linciphisa izingozi zekhwalithi ezifana nezinsalela zesixazululi kanye nokungcola kwamagciwane. Lihambisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezithembekile ezimbonini ezilandelayo.

Izinga lizokwenza ngokushesha ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezimboni. Lishukumisa izinkampani ezincane nezimaphakathi ukuthi zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza futhi lwenze kube lula ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu nokubanzi. Imicikilisho yenqubo ehlanganisiwe inciphisa izindleko zokuxhumana kwezimboni, kusiza izinkampani eziphezulu nezansi ukuthi zakhe izinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ezihlangene, futhi kwandisa izimo zokusebenzisa izithako zezitshalo.

Awekho amazinga ahlanganisiwe omhlaba wonke wezinqubo zokukhiqiza izitshalo kuze kube manje. Ngokuhlanganisa imiqondo esezingeni eliphezulu yomhlaba wonke yokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nezingokoqobo zezimboni zasekhaya, leli zinga lisebenza njenge-"passport" yemikhiqizo yaseShayina ukungena emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Lisiza ukunciphisa izithiyo zobuchwepheshe kwezohwebo futhi likhuphule idumela lomhlaba wonke kanye nokuncintisana kwezitshalo zaseShayina.

Ukuqaliswa kwayo kuzodonsela amanyuvesi nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuthi zethule izifundo ezihlobene futhi ziqeqeshe abantu abaqeqeshiwe kwezobuchwepheshe. Kuyakhuthaza futhi izinkampani ukuthi zakhe izindawo zokugcina idatha kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi, kukhuthazwe ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimpumelelo, futhi kunikezwe abantu abaqeqeshiwe kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhuleni kwezimboni okuzinzile.

Amabhizinisi azolungisa imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ngokuhambisana nezinga futhi enze Izinqubo Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile (SOPs) ezisekelayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzoba ukuqashelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulawulwa kwezinto zokukhipha kanye nokutholwa kwezinsalela ezincibilikayo. Amabhizinisi azoba namadivayisi adingekayo okuhlola kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezivalekile, futhi azamukele ubuchwepheshe obuphambili njengokukhipha ngomoya ophakeme kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngama-membrane ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Kuhlongwa ukuthi izinhlangano zezimboni nezikhungo zocwaningo zihlele izikhathi zokuqeqesha, ikakhulukazi ezamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. Amapulatifomu okushintshana ngobuchwepheshe azokwakhiwa ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi olusebenzayo lobuchwepheshe obuphambili njengokukhipha ngaphansi kwesubritical nokudonswa kwamajoyina, futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekusebenziseni izindinganiso.

Abakhiqizi abakhulu bezitshalo ezithathwe ezitshalweni batholakala eShaanxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan nezinye izifundazwe ezinemithombo yemikhiqizo ehlukile kanye nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe. Iziphathimandla zasendaweni kufanele ziqondise ngendlela efanele: izifunda ezicebile ngemikhiqizo zingagxila ekulungiseni kuqala nasekuqiniseni izindinganiso zokuthatha, kanti izifunda ezidinga ubuchwepheshe kufanele zigxile ekuhlanzeni nasekuqiniseni ikhwalithi.

Ukukhishwa nokusebenza kwe-Technical Specification for Production Processes of Plant Extracts kuphawula isigaba esisha sokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile nokulawulwayo embonini yezitshalo zase-China. Ngokusekelwe ezimweni zezimboni zasekhaya futhi yakhelwe izidingo zemakethe yomhlaba wonke, leli zinga lisekela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwemakethe. Ngokusebenza kwayo okuqhubekayo, izitshalo zaseShayina zizothola ukuzinza kwekhwalithi okungcono kanye nokuncintisana okunamandla emhlabeni wonke. Imboni izophumelela ukusuka ekwandisweni kwesikali kuya ekukhuleni kwekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle, ifake isivinini esisha ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemboni yezempilo jikelele. [Kukhishwe yi: Institute of Agricultural and Food Standardization]